迪士尼彩乐园几年了 伊万·季莫菲耶夫:中国和俄罗斯齐必须面对“两个西方”
韩桦:你如何看待泽连斯基在白宫与特朗普总统和JD·万斯之间的那场争吵?
伊万·季莫费耶夫:咱们现在所看到的情况与咱们习以为常的充足不同。考虑到当年三年好意思国过甚盟友对乌克兰的全面救援,面前的情况极为反常。
特朗普的态度截然相背,他合计和平是当务之急,绝辞谢忍我方的“小伙伴”建议条目。要道在于,既然是“小伙伴”,就应该恪守“大伙伴”的门道。要是“大伙伴”改动主意,“小伙伴”也必须随之退换。
在白宫的此次会面中,“应该(should)”这个词变成了“必须(must)”。这对乌克兰总统泽连斯基来说是一次十分严重的酬酢失败,可能会大大削弱他在国内的政事地位。这件事对乌克兰和平进度将会带来怎么的影响?冲突何时大致扫尾仍然是一个相等复杂的问题。好意思俄两边的谈判虽处于初期阶段,联系细节尚不清亮,但面前来看,这对乌克兰换取东谈主来说无疑是一个坏音信。
韩桦:2022年2月的“独特军事步履”前后,您曾发声反对。三年当年了,您的证据是怎么发展的?
伊万·季莫菲耶夫:从一初始,我对军事冲突的发展感到相等担忧,原因有好多。其中之一是俄罗斯与西方冲突有进一步升级的风险,这个局部冲突可能演变成更大界限的冲突。在某个时点,西标的乌克兰提供中程巡航导弹,这导致时势变得极为危急。
另一个原因是经济恶化的巨大风险。不外,我很鼎沸看到,对于俄罗斯经济景况的悲不雅瞻望并未发生。一方面,俄罗斯在经济压力下展现了极大的韧性;另一方面,咱们也得胜幸免了全球动力危机、食粮安全危机等问题。
现在,最默然的作念法是应用现时俄好意思关系纵容的契机,推动军事冲突扫尾。但与此同期,这一惩办有辩论必须考虑到导致冲突的根底原因,考虑俄罗斯的诉求。不然,咱们很难幸免将来爆发新的冲突。
韩桦:在您看来,俄罗斯的中枢诉求是什么?
伊万·季莫菲耶夫:一个中枢诉求是乌克兰的中立“非缔盟”地位。换句话说,乌克兰需要去军事化,弗成成为西方用来叛逆俄罗斯的器具,也弗成对俄罗斯组成威迫。
另一项要道诉求是对乌克兰境内各族东谈主民的尊重,包括对话语各类性的保护,并对顶点民族主义采纳零容忍魄力。现时乌克兰社会存在赞扬二战时代纳粹勾搭者的声息,这种历史篡转业为必须被根绝,包括对二战历史的任何诬陷。
总的来说,俄罗斯的诉求包括乌克兰的“非缔盟”地位、中立性、去军事化、根绝顶点民族主义,以及尊重乌克兰东谈主口的各类性。天然,俄罗斯官方酬酢可能会建议更详备的清单,但这是我动作内行的基本看法。
韩桦:我深信俄罗斯会建议一些诉求。俄好意思之间的议题不仅限于乌克兰危机,还有许多其他问题需要通过酬酢渠谈商榷。俄好意思谈判会如何鼓动?
伊万·季莫菲耶夫:谈判进度可能会十分复杂,因为这场冲突实质上是一个更鄙俚的安全架构问题,需要摒除现有体系的残障,而不单是关乎乌克兰。值得瞩想法是,从冲突一初始,中国就指出欧洲安全架构的残障,而恰是这些残障导致了西方冷漠俄罗斯的安全利益,并削弱了“安全不可分割原则”。要扫尾经久息争,需要在更鄙俚的安全框架上取得进展。
面前,媒体报谈照旧提到了一些潜在的惩办有辩论,其中包括乌克兰大选,这可能是推动乌克兰政事进度发展和冲突惩办的辛勤前提。同期,对于河山分手的商榷也必须基于战场上的既成事实,同期兼顾俄罗斯的诉乞降现时的军事态势。
还相要道的政事层面的问题,即是乌克兰的“非缔盟”地位以过甚与北约的关系。无人不晓,俄罗斯的一项中枢诉求是乌克兰不得加入北约。与此同期,乌克兰过甚欧洲盟友可能会推动在乌克兰境里面署番邦队列,以此动作安全保险。但对俄罗斯而言,这是充足不可经受的,因为不管出于何种情理,这齐意味着乌克兰被番邦队列占领。
任何所谓的“维和步履”齐必须得回联接国安搭理的开心,并得到更鄙俚的国外社会救援。固然西方势力高大且具有影响力,但它并弗成代表通盘国外社会,也无法为维和步履提供最鄙俚的授权。惟一正当的维和步履必须由联接国主导,并考虑到俄罗斯和中国的态度。因此,任何西方国度试图片面部署队列,齐将面对巨大的阻力。
3月2日,十余个欧洲和欧友邦家,以及乌克兰和加拿大的换取东谈主在英国伦敦举行峰会,就乌克兰危机和欧洲防务问题进行商榷
(图源:英国首相府新华社发)
特朗普在这个问题优势格昭着,他明确示意,要是欧洲队列在乌克兰与俄军发生冲突,好意思国不会提供军事救援。要是番邦队列进入乌克兰,这可能导致冲突升级,以至激励俄罗斯与北约的径直叛逆,而这毫不是一个感性的遴荐。
正因如斯,我率先谈到了对这场军事冲突的风险评估。正如我所提到的,最大的风险在于局部冲突升级为俄罗斯与北约之间的大界限干戈,以至是第三次天下大战。要是西方队列进入乌克兰,这一风险将永远存在。
韩桦:您刚才提到了食粮危机和动力危机,这是冲突爆发前的主要担忧之一。那么,在经久惩办这一危机的进程中,某些经济问题或东谈主谈主义扶持是否会成为要道成分?
伊万·季莫菲耶夫:这是一个辛勤的问题。其中之一是收复因制裁和纵容模范而受龙套的全球供应链。天然,我不合计这在现时起着决定性作用。俄罗斯过甚伙伴照旧找到绕过这些制裁的方法。需要指出的是,西方自身也在制裁中提供了东谈主谈主义豁免。因此,在很大程度上,天下幸免了这场冲突对食粮安全和动力安全形成的严重东谈主谈主义影响。
但还有另一个严重的东谈主谈主义问题,那即是如何惩办干戈对乌克兰以及受冲突影响的俄罗斯地区所形成的创伤。这包括排雷、基础门径的重建,以及对干戈中失去亲东谈主的乌克兰东谈主和俄罗斯东谈主的匡助。这将是俄乌经济上的一项千里重职守。
韩桦:这也触及到您的经济领域忖度。总体而言,俄罗斯如安在西方制裁下保管经济运转并保执韧性?与此同期,俄罗斯面最后哪些挑战,举例通货推广等?此外,您如何看待在利雅得会议上对于收复好意思国对俄投资的商榷,以及这对中国在俄投资的影响?
每经小编注意到,金匠集团巴西分公司还附有一份手写签名及手印的员工声明。
伊万·季莫菲耶夫:俄罗斯经济的韧性以至让俄罗斯东谈主我方感到讶异。在很大程度上,这归功于俄罗斯央行和政府多年来的前期准备工作。在发起独特军事步履之前,咱们建立了我方的金融信息传输系统(报文系统)和支付系统,减少了对西方体系的依赖。这使得咱们在面对西方制裁风暴时大致保执金融沉稳。
与此同期,咱们赶快重建了原土工业体系,独特是在军工和军民两用居品分娩方面。与中国过甚他友好国度的生意交游,匡助咱们减轻了生意和入口方面的冲击,包括消费品入口。中国永远保执平允和客不雅的态度,不参与任何军事定约,也莫得在军事预见上选边站队。在西方对俄制裁的布景下,中俄两国保执闲居经贸关系。中国不仅成为俄罗斯商品的辛勤市集,还吸收了那些被欧洲和好意思国市集拒之门外的居品。此外,印度也在购买俄罗斯石油和其他大批商品方面证据了辛勤作用。
总体而言,俄罗斯经济大致保执韧性,主要依靠以下几个成分:政府充分的前期准备和灵验的危机管制;俄罗斯经济的市集化促使企业自主应付挑战,而非依赖政府赈济;邃密的酬酢关系——尤其是与中国的轮廓勾搭。
至于好意思国投资重返俄罗斯的出路,咱们必须保执严慎。开端,从法律角度来看,这些投资仍然是被拦阻的。证据好意思功令律,面前无法向俄罗斯进行新的投资,因此,联系商榷面前仅停留在初步探讨和不雅察阶段。
要是乌克兰冲突在所有各方均能经受的条目下达成和平条约,俄罗斯的利益得到得志,那么不错预期某些制裁可能会被取消。但需要警惕的是,这些湮灭制裁的模范可能只是临时性的,可能更像是“豁免”而非遥远性的法律打消。因此,俄罗斯可能在十分长的时候内仍需面对制裁框架的影响。这意味着,一朝针对投资的制裁豁免出现,西方投资可能会缓缓转头,但制裁仍将是一个经久风险。
不管如何,即便西方投资转头,也不会影响中国在俄罗斯市集的地位。中国已成为俄罗斯市集上的辛勤力量,很难被取代。
韩桦:我合计,中国和俄罗斯齐必须面对“两个西方”:一个是好意思国,它可能会在某种程度上减弱制裁,而欧洲方面则可能会坚执制裁。在这种情况下,咱们应该如何应付?
伊万·季莫菲耶夫:您的分析是正确的。最近的制裁情况就证明了这极少:欧盟在独特军事步履三周年之际推出了第16轮制裁,而好意思国却莫得采纳新的制裁模范。因此,咱们可能会看到这么一种场所:某些好意思国盟友仍然在实行制裁,而好意思国脉身却莫得跟进。
考虑到好意思国在国外金融体系的中枢性位,好意思国的制裁对咱们来说比欧洲的制裁更具威迫性。要是欧洲不绝保管制裁,对俄罗斯的影响远小于相背的情况——即好意思国保管制裁,而欧洲湮灭制裁。
就中俄勾搭而言,好意思国的制裁一样比欧盟的制裁影响大,因为中国的金融界愈加担忧好意思国的“二级制裁”,而对欧盟的制裁并莫得那么明锐。要是好意思国至少在某种程度上减少金融制裁的风险,那么中国的金融机构会更风光推动中俄勾搭,并为双边生意提供更多金融服务。
韩桦:但愿如斯。接下来不错商榷金砖国度货币或金融结算体系?毕竟,迪士尼彩乐园官网特朗普可能会收复与俄罗斯的部分对话息兵判,但与此同期,他对金砖国度的金和会作、独特是金砖货币执顶点腻烦魄力,而俄罗斯却是金砖货币的矍铄救援者。您对此何如看?
伊万·季莫菲耶夫:是的,俄罗斯救援全球金融体系的多元化。但必须指出,这不单是是俄罗斯的态度,印度的态度也近似。印度与好意思国保执着邃密关系,并深度参与全球化,但它仍然救援国外金融体系的多元化,因为它证据到把持并不是最好遴荐。
中国在保护自身金融体系和市集免受制裁和外部插手方面作念了大齐工作。中国正在推动东谈主民币在国酬酢易中的使用。东谈主民币面前尚未对好意思元组成挑战,其全球占比仍然不高,中国东谈主民银行在推动东谈主民币国外化的进程中一直采纳郑重魄力,换句话说,中国在“摸着石头过河”,一步一步鼓动,这是一种感性的政策。
考虑到这些成分,我不合计金砖货币在短期以至中期内会成为实验。这个构想仍然更多是一个见识,而非一个切实可行的惩办有辩论。要道问题在于——谁来主导这套货币体系?它将如何运作?其价值基础是什么?这些问题齐尚未得到解答。
从这个角度来看,我合计特朗普对金砖货币的过度警惕有些夸张。但另一方面,他确乎证据到新的经济中心正在崛起,这对好意思国组成了挑战。因此,他的魄力可能会十分签订。在他第一任期的前几个月,他对中国的表态还算克制,但随后他的政策变得极具报复性。无人不晓,他将中国视为好意思国的主要竞争敌手以至威迫。因此,咱们还需要不雅察他将来如那处理对华政策。
韩桦:对于中国和俄罗斯而言,咱们不仅青睐两国政府间的勾搭,也高度青睐学术界过甚他各个层面的交流。在我看来,特朗普并不肯意在乌克兰危机上参加过多时候和元气心灵,他在国内还有许多更辛勤的事务需要处理。
固然瞻望将来变得越来越困难,但我照旧想让您作念个瞻望。特朗普的主要筹谋是拼集华尔街等国内问题,而不是过度温和乌克兰危机,他只是想尽快扫尾这场冲突。那么,您合计他将采纳什么样的政策?
伊万·季莫菲耶夫:特朗普的温和点永远在将来,而不是当年。不管咱们心爱他照旧不心爱他,有极少是明确的:冷战照旧成为历史,而现时的乌克兰危机则是冷战留传住来的问题。这极少不消置疑。从某种预见上说,咱们仍然处于冷战的“回声”之中。
对于特朗普来说,乌克兰危机是当年的问题,而不是将来的问题。他试图解脱与当年联系的千里重职守,专注于将来。事实上,他照旧证据到,乌克兰危机无法在军事上取胜。在现经常势下,西方根底不可能治服俄罗斯,而不绝向乌克兰提供刀兵,只会加重风险——正如咱们在对话开头所谈到的,这可能会导致时势进一步升级,以至激励好意思俄径直叛逆。
特朗普出生商界,他理解乌克兰危机意味着什么:巨大的财政阔绰。数千亿好意思元的支拨本不错用于好意思国的基础门径开拓,比如修路、机场当代化等——这些可不是小钱。他想从简这些资金,并将其用于更具价值的标的。那么,问题来了:他的下一个标的是什么?
韩桦:从您的专科角度来看,您对特朗普对于好意思国国内经济政策有何建议?
伊万·季莫菲耶夫:我不是好意思国东谈主,尽管我经久忖度好意思国。因此,要给他建议建议并辞谢易。好意思国事一个富裕国度,是全球主要经济体之一。但同期,好意思国的贫富差距问题依然严重,比中国或俄罗斯更隆起。关联词,共和党的态度并不救援环球服务、医疗和陶冶投资,而特朗普是共和党东谈主。因此,改善这些社会服务并不顺应他的施政标的。
不外,动作一个俄罗斯东谈主,动作一个来自青睐社会福利体系的国度的公民,在设想情况下,我但愿这些财政资源大致用于改善东谈主民的生涯,比如陶冶、医疗,而不是用于军事开支。天然,好意思国东谈主民对我方的国度最有发言权,而咱们则应该专注于如何管制好我方的国度。
追思我与一些中国同业的交流,我合计在经历了这场“制裁海啸”之后,俄好意思生意关系恶化的风险依然存在,咱们很难深信一切会收复闲居。因此,咱们必须作念好准备,以防将来再次发生政事化冲突或新一轮制裁。
对莫斯科来说,最合理的作念法仍然是对冲风险,保执在经济交易上的自主权,并摄取多元化的生意方式,尤其是在与中国的勾搭。为什么在双边生意中咱们要使用好意思元?咱们充足不错使用本国货币——东谈主民币和卢布,这更为合理。
咱们应该进一步探索由中俄两边共同提供的新金融体系。中国的CIPS(东谈主民币跨境支付系统)是一个很好的例子,它不单是是一个支付系统,照旧一个金融信息传输系统,而况其影响力正在束缚扩大。此外,俄罗斯的SPFS(金融信息传输系统)也为中国银行提供了进入俄罗斯市集的契机。尽管一些中国银行可能会担忧好意思国的“次级制裁”,但仍然有一些风光承担更高风险的银行风光使用这一系统。
好意思元在国外金融体系中仍然占据辛勤地位。对中国企业来说一样如斯,许多中国企业在国外生意中鄙俚使用好意思元,中国银行也依赖好意思元进行交易。东谈主民币的国外化是中国的一个辛勤筹谋,中国的酬酢政策一直明确示意,中国并不筹谋龙套全球化。全球化对中国事故意的,中国为什么要龙套它呢?中国建议了“一带沿途”倡议、全球安全倡议等政策,这些并不与全球化进度相矛盾。
2023年在北京召开的中国国外金融展上,跨境银行间支付算帐有限工作公司携其最新址品服务亮相,对传奇递东谈主民币跨境基础门径开拓新进展(图源:南边齐市报)
从这个角度来看,好意思方主导的全球金融体系政事化的风险依然存在,这不仅是对俄罗斯的挑战,对中国亦然如斯。因此,感性的遴荐是通过发展替代机制来躲避这些风险;咱们不单是为了叛逆好意思国而叛逆好意思国,要是有勾搭的空间,咱们天然应该与西方国度勾搭。
关联词,一朝触及政事化、利益歧视,以至插手中国内务的问题,举例香港、新疆和西藏,包括好意思国借这些议题实行制裁。但这些是中国的内务,与好意思国无关。这关乎中国的国度政策,为什么要让其他国度来品头论足?
咱们还牢记,好意思国曾威迫对与香港问题联系的中国银行实行金融制裁。从政事上讲,这充足是不可经受的。最终,好意思国并莫得付诸步履,因为中国太强盛了,他们发怵中国的反制。但即便如斯,国外金融体系被政事化的风险依然存在,咱们必须为这种情况作念好准备。当年三年的资格对中国和俄罗斯来说,齐是一次长远的陶冶。
面前,中国在工业领域越来越不依赖番邦供应商。中国正在缓缓扫尾工业品和技艺的自主化。当中国决定与某个番邦伙伴勾搭时,不需要去华盛顿央求许可,也不需要得回授权来向俄罗斯供应某些居品。中国有我方的技艺,且自主技艺的居品清单正在束缚扩大。
韩桦:没错,但中国一直齐相等和善。三年前,咱们惟一的短板可能是高技术产业,比如芯片。而现在,咱们照旧在这方面取得了许多谗谄。我能料想的最后一个领域可能即是大飞机,比如商用大型客机,但咱们在这个方朝上也在赶快鼓动。
伊万·季莫菲耶夫:中国东谈主的和善和低调是值得高度尊敬的,这亦然中华英才的文化特点之一。我曾与许多中国一又友商榷过技艺和金融话题,他们老是说:“是的,咱们取得了一些得胜,但咱们仍然需要向好意思国粹习。好意思国在某些领域仍然很强盛,咱们应该去望望他们在作念什么,并鉴戒他们的得胜资格。”
这种政策相等默然——你在取得得胜的同期,依然保执怒放的心态,不会自恃,也不会关上学习的大门。你永远保执和善,不绝学习。这种文化传统在面前这个充满不笃定性的天下中,是相等选藏的竞争力。
韩桦:谢谢您的评价!是以,您也应该不绝学习汉文哦!
伊万·季莫菲耶夫:是的,我“应该学习汉语(这部分为汉文原话)”。
以下为采访原文:
Helen:WhatdoyoumakeofthemostrecentbreakdownbetweenZelenskywithPresidentTrumpandJDVance?
IvanTimofeev:Ofcourse,whatweseeiscompletelydifferenttowhatwegotusedto.It'saveryunusualsituation,takingintoaccounttherecent3yearsofextensivesupportbytheUSandUSalliestowardsUkraine.Now,thenewpresidenthasacompletelydifferentviewthatpeaceisdemanded,heisnotgoingtotoleratethesituationwherehisjuniorpartnerraiseshisconditions.Thepointisthatifyou'reajuniorpartner,thenyoushouldfollowthelineoftheseniorpartner.Iftheseniorpartnerchangesitsmind,youshouldchangeyourmindaswell.InthatmeetingintheWhiteHouse,thewordshouldwaschangedintothewordmust.
ThatwasquiteasignificantdiplomaticdefeatforVolodymirZelensky,thepresidentofUkraine,whichwouldprobablyunderminesignificantlyhispositionsinUkraineathome.
SowewillseewhatwouldbethefurtherconsequencesforthepeacesettlementinUkraine.Howfastwouldithappenfortheconflictisstillquitecomplicated.ThenegotiationpositionsoftheUSandRussiaarestillnotclear,takingtheintoaccountthatthenegotiationsareontheverystart.ButwhatweseeisquitebadnewsfortheleaderofUkraine.
Helen:GivenyouhavebeenagainsttheUkrainewarbeforeandafterFebruary2022,howhaveyouopinionsandcommentsevolvedduringthepast3years?
IvanTimofeev:Yousee,Iwasveryconcernedbythemilitarydevelopmentduetoverydifferentreasons.OneofthemwastherisksoffurtherescalationinrelationsbetweenRussiaandtheWest.Thislocalconflictcouldturnintosomethingbigger.Atsomepoints,wewereclosetothisescalationwhentheWestsuppliedmid-rangecruisemissilestoUkraine.RussiausedintermediaterangemissileagainstUkraine.Soquiteadangeroussituation.
Oneotherreasonwasthattherewasahugeriskofeconomicdeterioration.There,Iwashappythatthenegativeforecastsontheeconomicsituation,bothinRussiaandglobally,itdidnotcometrue.Ontheonehand,Russiashowedsignificantresiliencetotheeconomicpressure.Ontheotherhand,wemanagedtoavoidglobalenergycrisis,foodsecuritycrisis,etcetera.
Now,whatisadvisable?WhatisreasonableistousethisopportunityinRussiaUSrelationstostopthemilitaryconflict.Butatthesametime,thisresolutionmusttakeintoaccounttheirconditionswhichprovokethisconflict.ItshouldtakeintoaccountthedemandsofRussia.Otherwise,wewillhardlyavoidthenewconflictinthefuture.
Helen:WhatarethedemandsfromRussia,inyouropinion?
IvanTimofeev:Oneofthemajordemandsisthenon-alignedstatusofUkraine.It'sdemilitarizationinasensethatitshouldn'tbeaweaponinthehandsoftheWesternpartnersofKievandshouldnotposeathreattoRussiainitsclosestneighborhood.
Oneotherthingisaboutpeople,respecttothediversityofthepopulation,withrespecttothelinguisticdiversity,withzerotolerancetoradicalnationalism.ThereispraiseofthosewhocooperatedwithNaziGermanyduringthesecondworldwar;thereshouldbezerotolerancetothefalsificationofhistory,includingthehistoryofthesecondworldwar.
Insumthisisthenon-aligned,theneutrality,thedemilitarization,theissueofradicalnationalismandtherespecttodiversityofthepopulationofUkraine,Iseeitinthisway,probablywewillseeanotherleastlistbyRussianofficialdiplomacy.Thisisjustmyexpertopinion.
Helen:Ibelievesomeofthedemandswillbeproposed.Howdoyouenvisionthedemandsorthenegotiationprocessdowntheroad,firstbetweenRussiaandtheUnitedStates?ThereismorethanUkrainecrisisbetweenRussiaandtheUnitedStates,alotoftopicswillbecoveredbetweenyourdiplomaticchannels.
IvanTimofeev:Theprocessmaybequitecomplicated,becausetheconflictiscomplex,andthisisnotjustaboutUkraine.Thisisalsoaboutwidersecurityarchitectureandtheshortcomingsofthisarchitecture.There,bytheway,itwasfromtheverystartoftheconflictthepointoftheChinesediplomacy,whichstressedtheshortcomingsofEuropeansecurityarchitecture,whichwasoneofthefactorswhichactuallyneglectedthesecurityinterestsofRussia,whichunderminedtheprincipleofindivisiblesecurity.
Thelong-termsettlementdemandsprogressintherealmofwidersecurityframework.
Wehavealreadyseeninthemediathattheremaybeseveralparametersofthissettlement,includingtheelectionsinUkraine,whichmaybeanimportantinternalpolicyprerequisiteforfurtherpoliticaldevelopmentaroundthisconflict.TheirdiscussionontheterritorialdivisionlinetakesintoaccountthestatusquoonthegroundandtakeintoaccountthedemandsonRussiaontheonehand,themilitarysituationinthefield,andthediscussionofpoliticalparameterslikethenonalignedstatusofUkraine,itsrelationswithNATO.WeknowthattheoneofthedemandsofRussiaisthenon-membershipofUkraineinNATO.
EuropeanalliesofUkraineandUkraineitselfmaytrytopromotetheideaofthepresenceontheterritoryofUkraineofforeigntroops,whichwouldguaranteethesecurity.ButthisisandanunacceptableproposalforRussia,becausethatwouldmeanthatUkrainewillbeoccupiedbyforeigntroops,regardlessofthereason.Anyso-calledpeacekeepingmissiondemandstheagreement,thesupportoftheUNsecuritycouncilandofthewiderinternationalcommunity.
Thewestcannotsubstitutetheinternationalcommunity.Thewestisbig,it'sinfluential,butit'snottheinternationalcommunity.Itcannotprovidethewidestmandateforpeacekeepingoperation.TheonlylegitimatesourceofpeacekeepingoperationsistheUnitedNations,takingintoaccounttheRussianposition,Chineseposition,wouldhardlyadopttheemergenceofanywesterncontingentontheterritoryofUkraine.
Trumpisquitetransparentandbluntontheissue,sayingthathewillnotsupportmilitarilytheEuropeanforcesiftheyareinaclashwithRussianswithinthismission.SoAmericansarenotsupportive.Andthisisrathergoodandbad,becausethisemergenceofforeigntroopsinUkrainemaycausefurtherescalationanddirectclashbetweenRussiaandNATO,whichisnotareasonablescenario.
That'swhywebeganaboutmyperceptionofrisksconnectedtothismilitaryconflict.AndasImentioned,themajorriskwastheescalationofthelocalconflicttoagreaterclassbetweenRussiaandNATOtothethirdworldwar,actually.IfthewesternforcesemergeinUkraine,thiswouldmakethisriskremainontable.
Helen:Youactuallymentionedthefoodcrisis,energycrisis,astopconcernsofnothavingtheUkrainewarinthefirstplace.Sowouldsomeeconomicconcerns,somehumanitarianassistancebeoneoftheparametersofresolvingthiscrisisinthelongerterm?
IvanTimofeev:Thisisanimportantquestion.Oneoftheissuesisrestorationofinternationalsupplychains,distortedbysanctionsanddistortedbyrestrictivemeasures.Iwouldn'tsaythattheyplayacriticalrolenow.Russiaanditspartnersmanagedtobypassthesesanctions.ItmustbestatedthatWestitselfprovidedhumanitarianexemptionstosanctions.Sotoalargeextent,theworldmanagedtoavoidthehumanitarianimpactsofthisconflictonfoodsecurityandenergysecurity.
Butontheotherhand,thereisanotherhumanitarianissue.ThisistheissueofovercomingtheconsequencesofwarinUkraineandinthoseRussianregionswhichsufferedfromthewarandfromthismilitaryconflict.Imeandemining,Imeanrestorationoftheinfrastructure,helptothosewholosttheirrelativesonbothsides.Bytheway,thiswouldbeahugeburdenforbotheconomies,forbothUkrainianandRussians.
Helen:Whichleadsdeepertoyourexpertiseintheeconomicfield.HowhasRussiamanagedtokeepitseconomyrunningandresilientunderWesternsanctions,ingeneral?Andatthesametime,whathasbeensomeofthechallenges,forexample,withinflationandothersdowntheroad?AndwhatdoyouthinkofsomeoftheproposalduringtheRiyadhmeetingaboutWesterninvestmentresumption,anditsimpactonChineseinvestmentinRussia?
IvanTimofeev:TheresilienceoftheRussianeconomyturnedtobeasurprise,eventoRussiansthemselves;toalargeextent,thiswastheresultofpreparatoryworkconductedbythebankofRussia,bythegovernmentofRussia.
SeveralyearspriortothespecialmilitarypreparationinUkraine,wecreatedourownsystemoffinancialmessaging,ourownpaymentsystem.WebecameindependentontheWestern-ledservicesinthisarea,whichallowedustomaintainfinancialstabilityafteremergenceofthissanctionstsunami.
Ontheotherhand,wemanagedtorebuildquicklyourownindustryinanumberofareas,especiallyinthemilitary,inthedualuseproductproductions.OurtradetieswithChinaandotherfriendlystates,butconsiderablywithChina,alsohelpedtodiminishtheshocksconnectedtotradeandtoimports,includingofconsumptiongoods.Chinakeptanunbiasedandobjectiveposition,Chinaisnotapartofmilitaryalliances,anditdidn'ttakeanysideinthemilitarysense.ButChinahasneverdistortedthemarketrelationsbetweenourcountriesduetosanctionsandevenpromotedthedevelopmentoftheserelationsunderthissanctionswar.Anditwasoneofthecriticalfactors.ChinaturnedouttobeanimportantmarketforourcommoditiesandforthegoodswhichwerekickedoutfromEuropeanandAmericanmarkets;bothChinaandIndia,bytheway,Indiaalsoplayedamajorroleinbuyingouroilandothercommodities.
Thesewerethemajorfactorsofresilience:goodpreparation,wellcrisismanagementbythegovernment;bytheway,themarketstructureofRussianeconomy,whenentrepreneurswereresponsibleforthemselves,theydidn'twaitforthehelpfromabove.Andgooddiplomacy,mostofallourrelationswithChina.
AsfortheprospectsofWesterninvestmentstotheRussianeconomy,weshouldbecautiousaboutthis.Firstofall,inlegalsense,theseinvestmentsarestillprohibited.IntermsofUSlaw,nonewinvestmentispossibletoRussia,sothesearejustpreliminarydiscussions,observations,etcetera.
IfthereispeaceinUkraine,onconditionswhichissatisfactorytoallsides,andforus,theRussianinterestsareapriority.IfthismeetsRussianinterests,thenit'sreasonabletoexpectthatsomesanctionsmayberevoked,thoughweshouldbeverycautiousaboutthis,becausetheserevocationsmaybetemporary,theymayberatherinthelogicofexemptions,butnotlong-termrevocationoflegalmechanisms,sowewillleavethissanctionsframeworkforquitealongtime.ThiswouldmeanthatsosomeWesterninvestmentsmayemerge,mayloomonthehorizoniftheseexemptionsoninvestmentbanshappen,butthissanctionsframeworkwillbealong-termrisk.
Anyway,eveniftheseinvestmentsoccur,thisisnotachallengeforChinaatall.ChinaemergedontheRussianmarketasaverystrongplayer,anditwillbeveryhardtoanyonetooutplayChinaontheRussianmarket.
Helen:IthinkbothChinaandRussiameanhavetofaceatwoWests.OneistheUnitedStates,whichprobablywillliftsanctionstosomeextent.ButtheEuropeansidewillsticktothosesanctions.Sohowshouldwedealwiththat?
IvanTimofeev:Youareabsolutelyright.Ifyoulookatrecentsanctions,theEuropeanUnionimposedits16thpackageatthe3yearsanniversaryofthestartofspecialmilitaryoperation.ButUSabstainedfromsanctions.Sowemayseethesituationwheresomealliesareusingsanctions,buttheUSisnot.
Iwouldsaythat,takingintoaccountthecentralityoftheUSintheinternationalfinancialsystem,forus,USsanctionsaremorecriticalthanEuropeansanctions.IfEuropeanscontinuesanctions,thisislessaproblemthanthereversesituation,whereUnitedStateskeeptheirsanctionsandEuropeansarerevokingthem.
AndforRussia-Chinacooperation,USsanctionsaremuchmorecriticalthanEUsanctions,becauseChinesefinancialcommunityismoreconcernedaboutUSsecondarysanctionsthanEUsanctions.IfAmericansarereducing,atleasttosomeextent,thisriskoffinancialsanctions,thenChinesefinancialcommunitywillbemorefavorabletopromotecooperationandprovidefinancialservicestothetradebetweenChinaandRussia.
IvanTimofeev:Wehopeso.Yes.Atsomepoint,theremightbetalksregardingtheBRICScurrencyorBRICSfinancialsettlement,becauseTrumpononesidemayberesumingsomeofthediscussionsandnegotiationswithRussia,buthe'ssohostiletowardsaBRICSsystem,aBRICScurrency.
Helen:ButRussia,ontheotherhand,isstronglysupportiveofaBRICScurrency.Sodowntheroad,what'syourtakeonthat?
IvanTimofeev:Yes,Russiaisaproponentofdiversificationoftheinternationalfinancialsystem.ImustsaythatthisisnotjusttheRussianposition,thisisthepositionofIndia.Bytheway,IndiaenjoysstrongrelationswiththeUnitedStates,anditenjoysglobalization,butstill,theyarenotagainstthediversificationofinternationalfinance,understandingthatmonopolyisnotthebestwaytodothings.
Chinadidalottopreserveitsownfinancialsystemandmarketfromsanctionsandfromforeigninterference.Chinaispromotingyuanasawayfortransactions.YuanisstillnotachallengetotheUSdollar,theshareofyuanisnothuge,andChinesepeople'sbankisquitecautious,avoidingaccelerationthispromotionoftheyuan,tryingtobolsterthisprocesswithrealeconomyandrealeconomicaffairs.Tryingtocrosstheriver,keepinginmindtherocks,stepbystep.It'sareasonablestrategy.
Keepingthisinmind,IdonotthinkthattheemergenceofBRICScurrencyisarealisticscenariointhenearfuture,noteveninmid-termfuture,whowouldnominatethiscurrency,howwillitwork,whatwouldbethebasisforthiscurrency?Itisstillratheranideathanapracticalsolution.
Inthissense,Trumpisexcessivelyalarmed,inmyview.Ontheotherhand,heunderstandsthatnewcentersofeconomyareemerging,thatthisisachallengetotheUnitedStates,andhewillbequiteassertive.Inhisfirstmonthsofpresidency,heavoidedstrongwordsinrelationstoChina,butinhisfirstterm,hewasquiteaggressive.It'snotasecretthatheregardsChinaasthemajorchallenge,thethreattotheUS.Sowe'llseehowheconductshispolicyvisavisBeijing.
Helen:ForChinaandRussia,weattachgreatimportanttothebilateralrelations,notonlyfromthegovernmentlevel,butfromacademic,fromotheraspectsoflife.ForTrump,myunderstandingisthathedoesnotwanttowastesomuchtime,somuchenergyonUkrainecrisis.Hehasalotmoretodowithinthecountry.
Soweknowthatpredictionisreallyhardnowadays,butIstillwantyoutopredict,becausehismajorobjectiveistodealwiththeWallStreet,nottoputsomuchenergyintheUkrainecrisis.Hejustwantstoenditassoonaspossible.Sowhat'shispolicy?
IvanTimofeev:Heislookingatthefuture,nottothepast.WemaylikeTrump,wemaydislikehim.ButwhatisclearisthattheColdWarisamatterofthepastandcurrentUkrainiancrisisisthelegacyoftheColdWar.Thisiscrystalclear.Inasense,wearestillinthisechoofthecoldwar.
ForTrump,thisisamatterofthepast,butnotamatterofthefuture.Hetriestogetridoftheoutlayswhichrelatetothispast,andconcentrateonthefuture.Indeed,heunderstandsthatintheconflictinUkraine,hehasnoprospectofmilitaryvictoryoverRussia.It'simpossibletoprevailoverRussiaatthiscurrentmoment,andthefurthersuppliesofmissilestoUkrainewouldgeneratethisdangeroussituation,whichImentioned,atthebeginningofourconversation,alarmedmepre-wartothismilitaryconflict.
Heislookingatthefuture,hehasabusinessbackground.Heunderstandsthatthisisalossofmoney,hundredsofbillionsofdollars,whichcouldbespentontheinfrastructureintheUS,onroads,airports,onmodernization,whatever.Thesearenotpeanuts.Thesearebigmoney.Hejustwantstosavethemandtoredirectthem.Thequestionis,whatwouldbethenewdirection.
Helen:Fromyourexpertise,ifyoucanadviseTrumpregardinghandlingthedomesticeconomicsituation,whatwouldbetheadviceyougivetohim?
IvanTimofeev:I'mnotanAmerican,althoughIhavebeenstudyingAmericaforquitealongtime.It'shardtomakeanadviceforhim.YouseethattheUSisarichcountry,it'samajoreconomy.Butstill,inequalityisstilloneoftheproblems,whichismuchmorethaninChina,forinstance,orinRussia.Though,thisisnotaRepublicanagendatosupportthepublicservices,tosupportthemedicalservicesforpeople,theeducation,etcetera,andTrumpisRepublican,thisisnothisagenda.
Still,asaRussian,asacitizenofthecountrywheresuchservicesforpeopleareimportant,Iwouldprobably,inmyidealworld,theseresourcesmightbespentonpeopleandtheirlives,education,health,etcetera,thanontheirmilitaryaffairs.We'llsee,butAmericanpeopleknowbetterwhattodowiththeircountry.Weknowbetterwhattodoatourhomes.
Helen:GoingbacktoTrump,ChinaandRussiarelations.DoyouthinkthatTrumpmightrequestRussiatostopusingtheRMBinitstrade?AndhowmightRussiarespondtosuchapotentialrequest?
IvanTimofeev:Evenifhedemandsthis,Iwouldn'tsaythatthisisdoable.Wealreadyhavequiteahugeshareofyuaninourtrade.GettingbacktosomeofthequestionswhichIgotfromsomeofmyChinesecounterparts,Iwouldsaythatwewillhavethisfearofdeteriorationofmarketrelationsforalongtime;afterthissanctionstsunami,it'sveryhardtobelievethateverythingwillbeokay,andweshouldn'tbepreparedforanotherpoliticization,foranotherroundofconflict.
Thiswouldmeanthat,forMoscow,itisreasonabletostillhedgetherisks,tostillpreserveitssovereigntyovereconomictransactionsandtohavediversifiedmeansoftrade,especiallywithChina.WhyshouldweuseAmericancurrencyinourbilateralrelations?Weshoulduseournationalcurrencies,Yuanandrubles.It'smorereasonable.
WeshouldexploremoreopportunitiesinthisnewsystemprovidedbybothbyChinaandRussia:CIPSisagreatthing.It'snotjustapaymentsystem;it'salsoamessagingsystem.Anditisincreasinglypopular.RussianSPFSsystemofmessagingalsoprovidesopportunitiesforChinesebankstogetin.ThoughtheChinesebanksmaybeafraidofsecondarysanctions,butstilltheyhavethisopportunity.Theremaybesomebankswithhigherappetitetoriskcouldusethissystem.
Thedollarisinevitablyimportantininternationalfinance.It'simportantforChinesebusiness,whichusesdollarextensively,Chinesebanksareusingdollarextensively.ThisistheinterestofChinatousetheDollar,butbytheway,ChinesediplomacyisveryclearthatChinaisnotgoingtoundermineglobalization.GlobalizationisbeneficialforChina,sowhyshouldChinaruinwhatisbeneficialforeveryone?Though,Chinahasitsownprojects,likeBeltandRoad,likeglobalsecurityinitiative,butitdoesnotcontradicttheglobalizationprocess.
Inthissense,theriskstopoliticizationofUS-ledsystemwillremainbothforRussiaandforChina.It'sreasonabletomitigatetheserisks,toworkonalternativeformechanism,notjusttofightagainstAmericaforthesakeofthefightagainstAmerica.That'snotthereason.Whenit'sreasonable,whenwecancooperatewithWesternpartners,weshouldcooperate.
Butwhenitcomestopoliticizationandtodiscriminationofourinterestsortheinterferenceintoourdomesticaffairs,likeHongKong,likeXinjiang,likeTibet,weseesanctionsoftheUSontheseissues.ThisisnottheissueoftheUS,thisisaninternalissueofChina.Thisisyourcountryandyourpeople,it'syourpolicy.Whyshouldsomeoneelsedictatetoyouwhattodo?
Asweremember,AmericansthreatenedthefinancialsanctionsagainstbankswhoareconnectedtothesituationinHongKong.Politicallyspeaking,thisisinintolerable.Theydidn'ttakearisktodothis,becauseChinaistoostrong.Theywereafraidoftheretaliation,thatyouwillpushback.
Butstill,thisverythreatofpoliticizationofinternationalfinanceremains.Andweshouldbereadytothisscenario.Last3yearsisabiglesson,notjusttoRussia,buttoChinaaswell.
Helen:Yes,alwaysbepreparedandbecomemoreresilient.
IvanTimofeev:Yes,justberesilientandbeself-confident,respectingothers,noproblem,andcooperatingwithothers,buthavinganopportunitytodoitonyourown.
Helen:Yeah,thisisapartoftheprinciplesofChinesediplomacy.Butwejustneedtocarryoutinamoresophisticatedway.
IvanTimofeev:Yeah,andChinacanaffordthis.Chinaisauniverse.Chinaissoseparate;it'saworldintheworld.Bytheway,that'swhythisnationalcurrencytrademakessenseforChinaandRussia,duetothesimplefactthatRussiacanbuyeverythinginChina,becauseChinaproduceseverything.Ifyouhaveforyuan,youcanbuywhateveryouwant.
Thisisnotthecaseinthetradewithotherfriendlycountries,whichhavelessdiversifiedeconomy,whicharelessdevelopedintermsofindustry,sowearemuchmorelimitedintermsoftheuseofnationalcurrencies,wewillinevitablyhavedisbalancesintrade.
OneotherthingisthatChinaisincreasinglyindependentofforeignsuppliersintermsofindustry.Chinaincreasinglyhasitsownindustrialgoods,technologies,etcetera.Whendecidingoncooperationwithforeignpartners,ChinashouldnotgotoWashingtonandapplyforalicenseandpermissiontosupplysomethingtoRussia,Chinahasitsown.Andthelistoftheproductswhichithasonitsownisincreasing.
Helen:Yes.ButChinaisbeingsohumble.3yearsago,theonlymissingpuzzlemightbeinthehightechindustry,likethechips.Nowadays,wehavesomanybreakthroughs.TheyonlythingIcanthinkistheaircrafts,thebigcommercialjetliners,butwearemovingsofasttowardsthisdirectionaswell.
IvanTimofeev:Chinesepeoplearehumbleandmodest,whichisapartofthenationalcharacterwhichdeserveshighrespect.ItalkedmanytimeswithmyChinesefriendsontechnologyandfinance,theysaythat,yes,wegotsomesuccess,butstillweneedtolearnfromAmericansinthisandthat,theyarestillstronginthisandthat,andweshouldgothereandlookatwhattheyaredoing.Weshouldlearntheircompetentpractices.
Thisisareasonablestrategywhereyouachievesuccess,butyouarenotclosingdoors.Youarenotproudofyourself.Youstillkeepthispeninthepocket,writingandlearningfromothers.Thisisanessentialpartlegacyofyourculture,ofyourcivilization,whichisahugecompetenceinsuchturbulenttimes.
Helen:Thankyouforsayingso,sojustkeeplearningChinese.
IvanTimofeev:Ishould,应该学习汉语.
俄罗斯国外事务委员会(RIAC,全称RussianInternationalAffairsCouncil)竖立于2010年迪士尼彩乐园几年了,是俄罗斯最具影响力的酬酢与国外关系智库之一。RIAC勉力于推动国外政策忖度、促进全球对话,集聚政府官员、学者及酬酢内行,马上缘政事、安全、经济勾搭等议题提供政策建议。该委员会与全球驰名智库鄙俚勾搭,旨在升迁俄罗斯在国外事务中的影响力,并促进国外社会对俄罗斯酬酢政策的相接与互动。